本部分收集展示了印度尼西亚近期在全球公共卫生领域的研究进展，具体如下：

Authors	Article Title	文章名称	Source Title	Abstract	摘要	Publication Year	DOI Link
Alpaslan, B; Lim, KY; Song, Y	Growth and welfare in mixed health system financing with physician dual practice in a developing economy: a case of Indonesia	发展中经济体混合式卫生筹资体系下医师双重执业对增长与福利的影响：以印度尼西亚为例	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT	Based on Indonesia's hybrid BPJS Kesehatan health system, we analyze for welfare-optimal government financing strategy in an economy with a mixed health system using an endogenous growth framework with physician dual practice. We find the model solution to produce two vastly different regimes in terms of policy implications: a high public-sector congestion regime as in the benchmark case of Indonesia, and a low public-sector congestion, high capacity regime. In the former, welfare-optimal health financing strategy appears to be promoting private health service. In contrast, in the low-congestion, high capacity regime, a welfare-optimal strategy is to do the opposite of increasing government physician wage at the expense of private health subsidy. These results highlight the importance of developing a benchmarking system that measures the actual degree of congestion faced by the public health service in a developing economy, as it ultimately would influence the optimal health financing strategy to be pursued.	这项研究立足于印度尼西亚独特的混合医疗保障制度，在内生增长框架下引入了“医生双重执业（公立与私立机构兼职）”这一变量，系统论证了混合医疗体制下实现社会福利最大化的政府财政资助策略。研究通过模型求解，推导出了两类在政策导向上完全背道而驰的运行模式：一种是类似于当前印尼现状的“公立医疗高度拥挤模式”，另一种则是“公立医疗低拥挤、高容纳模式”。结果表明，在公立医疗高度饱和的体制下，能够实现福利最优的财政杠杆是加大对私立医疗服务的扶持；相反，在公立资源充裕且低拥挤的体制下，最佳策略则完全相反，即应当通过削减私立医疗补贴来提升公立医院医生的薪酬待遇。研究结论强调，发展中国家极有必要建立一套科学的基准评估体系，用以精准量化公立医疗体系的实际拥挤程度，因为这直接决定了国家医疗财政优化配置的基本走向。	2021	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10754-020-09289-9
Pratomo, H; Darmawan, R; Samaria, K	Public Health Entrepreneurship in Indonesia: What is Next?	印度尼西亚的公共卫生创业：下一步何去何从？	KESMAS-NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH JOURNAL	Public health has been demanded to search for ways to improve well-being by tackling societal and ecological factors that influence health through cooperative strategies and partnerships across various fields. More interdisciplinary, interprofessional, and action-oriented approaches toward sustainable public health programs are recommended to be made. Therefore, public health entrepreneurship is an indispensable approach to creating new interventions that address future public health problems. The Indonesian Ministry of Health conceptualized five public health entrepreneurship skills as standard competence for public health personnel. addition, the Association of Indonesian Public Health Higher Education Institutions has identified several study materials and learning outcomes for undergraduate public health personnel. To enrich the currently available approaches, a similar concept of entrepreneurship training, including three-course areas: systems of laws and regulations, advertising and public outreach, and financial oversight, consumer insights, and assessment, is presented. The Public Health Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship Framework is also presented in this study. Researchers, government, private sectors, experienced entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, and other stakeholders should collaborate to formulate the best entrepreneurship curriculum for Indonesia. This curriculum can initially be piloted, evaluated, and finally adopted by public health educational institutions in the country.	文章提出公共健康需要借助跨领域合作与伙伴关系，从社会与生态因素入手改善人群健康，因此公共健康创业精神成为应对未来健康问题的关键手段。印度尼西亚卫生部将五项公共健康创业技能纳入公共卫生人员的核心能力要求，相关高等教育机构也已确定本科生的学习内容与成果。为丰富现有方案，本文提出了涵盖法律法规、广告与公众宣传、财务监督、消费者洞察与评估三大领域的创业培训课程，并介绍了“公共健康创业与内部创业框架”。建议由研究人员、政府、私营部门、经验丰富的创业者及其他利害相关方共同制定适合印尼的最佳创业课程，经过试点和评估后，最终在公共健康教育机构中推广实施。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/kesmas.v20i1.2293
Hakim, MS; Fatima, M; Martina, B; Goeijenbier, M	The evolution and adaptation of dengue virus: Basic concepts and public health implications in Indonesia	登革病毒的演化与适应：基本概念及在印度尼西亚的公共卫生启示	VIROLOGY	Virus mutation and evolution are inevitable, including dengue virus (DENV). In fact, for a long time up to the present day, we have been confronted with the continuous evolution of viruses, marked by the emergence of novel viruses in humans with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics. This review aims to emphasize the fundamental concepts of virus evolution, specifically in DENV, as well as its public health impact in Indonesia. As an RNA virus, DENV continuously evolves in the face of selection pressure, including that of the host immune responses. Observing the evolution of viruses in real-time will make us better prepared to face epidemics caused by DENV. Several studies conducted in Indonesia have demonstrated that a shift in the dominance of circulating serotypes is associated with an increased number of cases, underscoring the importance of population immunity in outbreak dynamics. A major outbreak in Indonesia in 2004 was associated with a shift from DENV-2 to DENV3. A similar phenomenon was also observed once there was a genotype shift. Additionally, phylogenetic studies indicated an association between particular genotypes and the severity of diseases. In conclusion, these studies clearly demonstrate that viral evolution can have a significant impact on public health. Advanced nextgeneration sequencing technologies can be utilised to detect subtle genetic changes that may be associated with the onset of epidemics.	这项研究针对包括登革病毒在内的病毒基因突变与演变具有不可避免性，且人类长期面临新型病毒引发地方性及全球性大流行威胁的现状，重点阐述了病毒演化的基本概念——特别是登革病毒的演变历程，并系统评估了其对印度尼西亚公共卫生体系带来的深远影响。该综述指出，登革病毒作为一种RNA病毒，在宿主免疫应答等选择压力下处于持续演化的状态，而实时监测这种动态演变是提升疫情防控准备工作的关键。基于印尼本土多项研究的结果表明，流行血清型主导地位的更替与病例数的激增密切相关，这凸显了人群免疫力在疫情暴发动态中的决定性作用，例如印尼2004年的大暴发便与病毒株由2型向3型的转变直接相关，且类似的案例在基因型转换时同样存在；此外，进化树分析还证实了特定基因型与临床疾病严重程度之间的紧密联系。研究结论强调，病毒的演化对公共卫生安全具有举足轻重的影响，未来应当积极运用高通量二代测序技术来捕捉微小的基因变异，从而为预测和阻断潜在的登革热大暴发提供早期预警。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2025.110628
Nuryana, Z; Aji, AD; Herdian, H	Navigating LMICs challenges through educational and legal reforms to strengthen adolescent mental health in Indonesia	通过教育与法律改革应对中低收入国家的挑战，以加强印度尼西亚的青少年心理健康	ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY	Adolescent mental health represents a critical yet underserved public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Indonesia. Responding positively to Ramaswamy et al. call for a paradigm shift towards adolescent-centered policy frameworks, this editorial explores the integration of educational strategies and legal frameworks to enhance adolescent mental health interventions. Despite Indonesia's progressive legislation, including the Mental Health Law (No.18/2014) and Juvenile Justice System Law (No.11/2012), substantial gaps remain in youth participation and comprehensive preventive measures. This letter proposes strengthening education-based mental health interventions and restorative justice mechanisms. It further advocates for meaningful adolescent engagement in research and policymaking, positioning education and law as key sectors for navigating LMIC-specific challenges in building resilient adolescent populations.	本文响应了其他学者关于向以青少年为中心的政策框架转变的呼吁，聚焦于印度尼西亚等中低收入国家青少年心理健康这一未得到充分重视的公共健康问题。尽管印尼已出台《心理健康法》（第18/2014号）和《少年司法系统法》（第11/2012号）等进步性立法，但在青年参与和综合性预防措施方面仍存在明显不足。本文提出应加强基于教育的心理健康干预措施和恢复性司法机制，并倡导让青少年切实参与研究与政策制定。文章强调，应将教育与法律作为关键领域，以应对中低收入国家在建设具有韧性的青少年群体过程中所面临的特殊挑战。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104614
Kurniawati, W; Chien, WT; Lantu, N; Santi, NF; Astuti, YL; Faradiena, F; Kusumaningrum, A	Validation of the pregnancy-related anxiety scale (PrAS) for pregnant women in Indonesia	印度尼西亚孕妇妊娠相关焦虑量表（PrAS）的验证	BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH	BackgroundAnxiety is become a common disorder during pregnancy. The Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) is a common tool for assess pregnancy anxiety. However, not yet validated in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PrAS in Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 92 pregnant women attending a Public Health Center in Indonesia. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR), evaluating item relevance and inter-rater agreement. Construct validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to determine the underlying factor structure of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS).ResultsThe mean age of pregnant women who participated was 29.12 years (SD = 4.85) with their pregnancy age mean 28 weeks. The content validity using CVI shows that 29 of 32 items are valued 1.00, the same score produced on the CVR. Indicating only 3 items need to be reviewed or revised. Regarding the construct validity, the final model of the PrAS was 7 dimensions which initially formed 8 dimensions. Although the Chi-square (chi 2) index was not a good fit (df = 370, p-value = 0.0001) this multidimensional model fits the data supported by the index of Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) estimate was 0.058. Followed by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) were 0.978 and 0.976 respectively, meaning that the goodness of fit indices were obtained. This pilot study results in a valid instrument of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS).ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of the PrAS is a valid tool for screening and assessing Indonesian women's pregnancy-related anxiety.	本文旨在验证妊娠相关焦虑量表（PrAS）在印度尼西亚孕妇群体中的心理测量学特性。研究对象为在社区卫生中心接受产前检查的孕妇。内容效度分析显示，大部分条目具有良好的相关性和评分者一致性，仅少数条目需进一步修订。通过验证性因子分析构建的最终模型保留了七个维度，模型拟合指数表明该多维结构具有良好的拟合优度。研究结论指出，印尼语版的PrAS是评估印尼孕妇妊娠相关焦虑的有效筛查工具。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08036-7
Hartono, R; Yan, CF; Chen, Y; Ma, BT; Deng, YQ; Sun, YJ; Li, P; Dao, Y; Deng, R	Knowledge, attitude, and practice of e-cigarette use among undergraduate students: A comparative study between China and Indonesia	本科生电子烟使用的知识、态度与行为：中国与印度尼西亚的比较研究	TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES	INTRODUCTION The health risks associated with e-cigarettes are currently the focus of tobacco control efforts and public health initiatives. Given that China and Indonesia have the highest rates of adult smoking worldwide, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of e-cigarette prevalence among college students in these two nations. METHODS From May to June 2023, a cross-sectional study was employed to conduct an online questionnaire survey among college students in three universities located in Kunming (China) and Jakarta (Indonesia), respectively. The chi-squared test was utilized to compare the rates/ratios, while binary logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the factors influencing e-cigarette knowledge, attitude, and practice. RESULTS A total of 1327 individuals were included in the investigation. The proportion of Indonesian students (75.6%) with a high level of e-cigarette knowledge was lower than that observed among Chinese students (87.4%) (chi(2) =29.7, p<0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Indonesian students (9.4%) was higher compared to their Chinese counterparts (3.0%) (chi(2) =22.32, p<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, place of residence, studies, gender, and e-cigarette use by friends and family, significantly influenced knowledge levels and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in both countries (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite the positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards e-cigarettes among undergraduate students in both countries, a notable knowledge gap exists concerning the harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Chinese students had better e-cigarette knowledge and demonstrated lower usage rates, suggesting that heightened awareness plays a favorable role in preventing e-cigarette use. Furthermore, it becomes imperative for policymakers and health educators to focus on specific factors, such as the influence of close friends and family members, as well as the area of residence.	本文旨在比较中国与印尼大学生对电子烟的知识、态度与使用行为。研究采用横断面调查，在昆明和雅加达的三所高校中进行。结果显示，虽然两国大学生对电子烟的认知、态度和行为总体上呈积极趋势，但印尼学生的知识水平低于中国学生，而电子烟使用率则高于中国学生。年龄、性别、居住地、所学专业以及亲友使用电子烟的情况均显著影响学生对电子烟的认知与态度。研究表明，提高对电子烟危害的认知有助于降低其使用率，政策制定者和健康教育者应重点关注亲友影响和居住地等具体因素。	2024	http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/190636
Kurniawan, TA; Othman, MHD; Hwang, GH; Gikas, P	Unlocking digital technologies for waste recycling in Industry 4.0 era: A transformation towards a digitalization-based circular economy in Indonesia	在工业4.0时代释放废弃物回收领域的数字技术潜力：印度尼西亚迈向数字化循环经济的转型	JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION	The overgeneration of non-biodegradable waste in Indonesia requires empty lands for landfilling, which contravenes with the landscape of sustainable cities. As local landfills have become overburdened, the solid waste is disposed of in uncontrolled manners that seriously affect public health and the environment. To address this problem, Indonesian gradually moves towards digitalization for waste recycling. To reflect its novelty, this work investigates how to add economic value to recycled waste using digital technology and how economic incentives can be promoted to avoid generating waste. The roles and implications of digitalization on resource recovery are elaborated from Cleaner Production perspectives. As a driving force of social innovation, it was found that the digital transformation of waste industry encouraged community in Yogyakarta to sell waste online via Rapel app installed in their smartphones. On average, customers sell their waste nearly 15 kg per transaction and earn USD 0.1/kg as a point balance. When their waste ranges from 15 to 20 kg, the sellers get USD 1.4. Recovering polyethylene (PET) bottles via a mixed-recyclables could yield about USD 150-300/Mt, while a bottle-only collection ranges from USD 360 to 590/Mt. As the implications of this study, digitalization has created new jobs (780 waste collectors) in Yogyakarta (@20 persons/subdistrict). Digitalization in waste management also promotes waste avoidance up to 65%. Potential monthly turnover from the waste recycling's transaction through the app is about USD 2,000/waste bank. Overall, the findings imply that the digital transformation in the waste sector not only promotes the resource recovery of non-biodegradable waste for a circular economy, but also enables local community to do online transactions of recycled goods through mobile-based applications. By moving towards digitalization, it is projected that the country's waste recycling industry would create over 120,000 new jobs and absorb about 3.3 million informal workers such as waste collectors.	这项研究针对印度尼西亚因不可降解垃圾过度产生导致本地填埋场不堪重负、无序处置严重威胁公共卫生与生态环境的现状，探讨了通过数字化转型推动垃圾回收与资源再利用的可行路径。研究表明，利用手机应用程序引导社区居民在线出售垃圾，不仅能通过经济激励大幅提升不可降解塑料的回收效益和源头减量率，还在日惹当地催生了大量新型就业岗位。研究结论强调，垃圾管理领域的数字化转型有效推动了非降解废物的资源回收与循环经济发展，未来若在全国范围内推广，预计将为该国创造十余万个新工作岗位并吸纳数百万非正式劳动力，在构建可持续城市的同时实现环境与经济的多赢。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131911
Gunawan, J; Nazliansyah; Aungsuroch, Y; Montayre, J	A Qualitative Study of Coping Strategies for Loneliness Among Indonesian Older Adults: Implications for Nursing Practice	印度尼西亚老年人应对孤独策略的定性研究：对护理实践的启示	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING	Loneliness is a widespread issue that significantly affects the well-being of older adults globally, with cultural shifts and urbanisation increasing their vulnerability to social isolation. Despite growing concern about this issue, there is a lack of research on coping strategies for loneliness among older adults in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore how older adults in Belitung, Indonesia cope with loneliness. A descriptive phenomenology design was used, and in-depth semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with older adults (aged 60 and above) at two public health centres. The first FGD, with five participants, took place in October 2023, followed by a second FGD with ten participants in March 2024. Both sessions were audio-recorded. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi's method. The results showed that all participants reported experiencing loneliness and shared various coping strategies. Five themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Cultural and Religious Practices as Coping Mechanisms, highlighting the significance of spirituality; (2) Traditional Social Interactions, such as 'Ngelakar' and 'Begalor,' which strengthen community bonds; (3) Staying Active through 'Posyandu Lansia,' which supports physical and emotional well-being; (4) The Role of Family and Grandchildren, providing emotional warmth and a sense of purpose; and (5) Leisure and Recreational Activities, offering enjoyment and distraction. The findings reveal that older adults use culturally rooted strategies to manage loneliness, emphasising the importance of community, tradition, and spirituality. Gender differences were also noted. These results may inform the development of culturally tailored community nursing interventions aimed at reducing loneliness and enhancing the well-being of older adults.	本研究旨在探讨印度尼西亚勿里洞岛老年人应对孤独感的策略。采用描述性现象学设计，通过在两家社区卫生中心开展的焦点小组讨论收集数据。所有参与者均报告曾经历孤独感。分析共提炼出五个主题：文化与宗教实践作为应对机制、传统社交互动、通过老年保健活动保持活跃、家庭与孙辈的作用，以及休闲娱乐活动。研究结果表明，当地老年人主要运用具有文化根基的策略来应对孤独，社区联系、传统习俗和精神信仰在其中发挥重要作用。同时，研究也注意到不同性别之间的差异。这些发现可为制定符合文化背景的社区护理干预措施提供依据，以减轻老年人孤独感并提升其整体福祉。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/inm.70033
Wyatt, S; Silitonga, PII; Febriani, E; Long, Q	Socioeconomic, geographic and health system factors associated with rising C-section rate in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study using the Indonesian demographic and health surveys from 1998 to 2017	与印度尼西亚剖宫产率上升相关的社会经济、地理及卫生系统因素：一项基于1998至2017年印度尼西亚人口与健康调查数据的横断面研究	BMJ OPEN	IntroductionCaesarean section (C-section) has been a public health concern globally. This study investigated the change in C-section rate in 1998-2017 in Indonesia and explored the socioeconomic, geographic and health system factors associated with the use of C-section.MethodsWe analysed data from demographic health surveys in 2002-2003, 2007, 2012 and 2017 in Indonesia. We included women who reported giving birth within 5years of each round of the survey (n=56462) into the analysis. Cross-tabulation was used to examine change of C-section rate by year. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to study the determinants of C-section use.ResultsIn Indonesia, the C-section rate increased from 4.0% in 1998 to 18.5% in 2017. In 2017, the C-section rate in urban areas (22.9%) was almost two times that in rural areas (11.8%). It was almost three times among the richest wealth quintile (36.5%), compared with the poorest wealth quintile (12.9%). Between 2008 and 2017, the difference in the C-section rate by public services enlarged between the poorest and the richest groups. The absolute increase of the C-sections by private services was more than public services over time. In 2013-2017, the C-section rates by public and private services were 22.5% and 23.1%, respectively. After adjusting for all variables, higher education, higher household wealth, primiparity and use of public childbirth services were positively associated with C-section.ConclusionsThe C-section rate increased steadily in the past two decades in Indonesia. Women's socioeconomic status and health system factors were associated with the increased use of C-section.	本文研究了1998至2017年间印度尼西亚剖宫产率的变化趋势及其相关因素。通过对多轮人口与健康调查数据的分析发现，剖宫产率从1998年的较低水平持续上升至2017年的较高水平。城乡之间和不同经济水平群体之间的差异显著：城市地区的剖宫产率约为农村地区的两倍，最富裕群体的剖宫产率约为最贫困群体的三倍。2008至2017年间，最贫困与最富裕群体在公立服务中的剖宫产率差距进一步扩大，而私立服务剖宫产率的绝对增幅超过公立服务。在2013至2017年间，公立与私立机构的剖宫产率已基本持平。多因素分析显示，较高教育水平、较高家庭财富、初次生育以及使用公立分娩服务与剖宫产率上升呈正相关。研究结论指出，过去二十年间印尼剖宫产率持续上升，女性社会经济地位和卫生系统因素是主要影响因素。	2021	http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045592
Wulandari, LPL; Lubis, DS; Kurniati, DPY; Sumintang, K; Ardrini, DAM; Mariani, P; Januraga, PP; Camellia, A; Laksmi, NMDP; Mahmudah, L; Ong, JJ; Causer, L; Liverani, M; Guy, R; Wiseman, V	Challenges to integrating programs for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B into antenatal care: Experiences from Indonesia	将艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播阻断项目整合入产前保健面临的挑战：来自印度尼西亚的经验	PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH	The WHO's Asia-Pacific framework for triple elimination recommends that countries evaluate their programs for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (EMTCT), including identifying gaps to improve program planning and the implementation of elimination strategies in antenatal care (ANC) services. In 2022, the Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that only 39% of pregnant women were tested for HIV, 14% for syphilis, and 28% for hepatitis B, respectively. We conducted a qualitative study involving a focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with 25 key stakeholders in Bali and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces to identify specific challenges to testing for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B in ANC settings. Thematic analysis was used to identify the themes generated from the data. Health system bottlenecks experienced by stakeholders included supply chain management issues involving stock forecasting and stock monitoring, stock-outs of rapid test reagents which were particularly most frequent and for longer durations for syphilis and hepatitis B, high staff turnover, lack of staff training on how to perform the test, the complexity and time needed to record the data on women's characteristics, risk behaviours, and testing in both paper format and into the computer-based surveillance systems, discrepancies in program coverage data from different divisions of the district health office involved in the reporting system, high levels of stigma that prevented women from being followed up, challenges in notifying partners, and inadequate reporting and referral of women from private providers to public ones for testing. Interventions addressing the above challenges are worthy of consideration to improve the health system function and integrate EMTCT into the ANC settings.	本文针对世界卫生组织西太平洋区域“三消除”框架的要求，评估了印度尼西亚在消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播方面的项目实施情况。研究通过在巴厘岛和西努沙登加拉省对主要利益相关者进行焦点小组讨论和深度访谈，识别出产前保健服务中开展三种疾病检测所面临的具体挑战。系统层面的障碍包括：快速检测试剂的供应链管理问题（尤其是梅毒和乙肝试剂频繁且长期缺货）、高员工流动率、缺乏操作培训、数据记录复杂且需双重录入（纸质与电子系统）、不同地区卫生部门间数据报告不一致、因污名化导致的随访困难、伴侣通知机制不健全，以及私营机构与公立机构之间在检测和转诊方面的沟通不畅。研究建议，应针对上述问题采取干预措施，以改善卫生系统功能，将消除母婴传播有效整合进常规产前保健服务中。	2024	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002977
Zhu, MJ; Zeng, QL; Saputro, BIL; Chew, SP; Chew, I; Frendy, H; Tan, JW; Li, LJ	Tracking the molecular evolution and transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.466.2 in Indonesia based on genomic surveillance data	基于基因组监测数据追踪印度尼西亚 SARS-CoV-2 B.1.466.2 谱系的分子演化与传播模式	VIROLOGY JOURNAL	Background As a new epi-center of COVID-19 in Asia and a densely populated developing country, Indonesia is facing unprecedented challenges in public health. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.466.2 was reported to be an indigenous dominant strain in Indonesia (once second only to the Delta variant). However, it remains unclear how this variant evolved and spread within such an archipelagic nation. Methods For statistical description, the spatiotemporal distributions of the B.1.466.2 variant were plotted using the publicly accessible metadata in GISAID. A total of 1302 complete genome sequences of Indonesian B.1.466.2 strains with high coverage were downloaded from the GISAID's EpiCoV database on 28 August 2021. To determine the molecular evolutionary characteristics, we performed a time-scaled phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood algorithm and called the single nucleotide variants taking the Wuhan-Hu-1 sequence as reference. To investigate the spatiotemporal transmission patterns, we estimated two dynamic parameters (effective population size and effective reproduction number) and reconstructed the phylogeography among different islands. Results As of the end of August 2021, nearly 85% of the global SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.466.2 sequences (including the first one) were obtained from Indonesia. This variant was estimated to account for over 50% of Indonesia's daily infections during the period of March-May 2021. The time-scaled phylogeny suggested that SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.466.2 circulating in Indonesia might have originated from Java Island in mid-June 2020 and had evolved into two disproportional and distinct sub-lineages. High-frequency non-synonymous mutations were mostly found in the spike and NSP3; the S-D614G/N439K/P681R co-mutations were identified in its larger sub-lineage. The demographic history was inferred to have experienced four phases, with an exponential growth from October 2020 to February 2021. The effective reproduction number was estimated to have reached its peak (11.18) in late December 2020 and dropped to be less than one after early May 2021. The relevant phylogeography showed that Java and Sumatra might successively act as epi-centers and form a stable transmission loop. Additionally, several long-distance transmission links across seas were revealed. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in the tropical archipelago may follow unique patterns of evolution and transmission. Continuous, extensive and targeted genomic surveillance is essential.	这项研究针对印度尼西亚作为曾遭受新冠疫情严重冲击的人口密集型发展中国家、其本土优势毒株B.1.466.2谱系在这个千岛之国的演化与跨海传播路径此前尚不明确的现状，系统探究了该变异株的分子进化特征与时空扩散模式。研究人员从全球共享流感数据倡议组织数据库中调取了印尼该谱系的高覆盖度完整基因组序列，以早期原始毒株为参考进行单核苷酸变异分析，并运用最大似然算法构建了具时间尺度的系统发育树，同时结合有效种群大小和有效繁殖数等动态参数重建了跨岛屿的系统地理学图景。结果表明，该特定变异株绝大多数序列均源自印尼，并在特定时期内占据了该国每日新增感染病例的半壁江山；时间尺度进化树推算显示，该毒株起源于爪哇岛，并演化出两个比例失衡且特征迥异的亚谱系，其高频非同义突变主要集中在刺突蛋白和非结构蛋白上，且在较大的亚谱系中发现了关键的协同突变。种群历史发展经历了四个不同阶段，其有效繁殖数在前期达到峰值后随时间推移逐步降至流行阈值以下；跨岛屿传播网络进一步证实，爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛曾先后扮演疫情核心扩散源的角色并形成了稳定的传播回路，同时存在多条跨海的远距离传播链条。研究结论强调，在热带群岛国家传播的新冠变异株具有其独特的演化和扩散规律，未来开展持续、广泛且具针对性的基因组监测对于传染病防控至关重要。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01830-1
Rehman, S; Effendi, MH; Shehzad, A; Rahman, A; Rahmahani, J; Witaningrum, AM; Bilal, M	Prevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 in LBMs of East Java province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study	印度尼西亚东爪哇省活禽市场中禽流感A病毒H5N1和H9N2亚型的流行状况及相关危险因素：一项横断面研究	PEERJ	Background. Avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 are contagious zoonotic diseases that are circulating in Indonesia and have raised increasing concern about their potential impacts on poultry and public health. A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of avian influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 among poultry in the live bird markets of four cities in East Java province, Indonesia. Methods. A total of 600 tracheal and cloacal swabs (267 from backyards, 179 from broilers, and 154 from layers) from healthy birds were collected. The samples were inoculated into specific pathogenic-free embryonated eggs at 9-day-old via the allantoic cavity. qRT-PCR was used for further identification of avian influenza. Results. The overall prevalence of circulating influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 was 3.8% (23/600, 95%CI [0.0229-0.0537]). Prevalence was higher in backyards at 5.99% (16/267) followed by broilers (2.23% (4/179)) and layers (1.68% (3/154)). The final multivariable model revealed five risk factors for H9N2 infections: presence of ducks (p=0:003, OR = 38.2), turkeys (p=0:017 OR = 0.032), and pheasants in the stall (p=0:04, OR = 18.422), dry (p=0:006) and rainy season (p<0:001), and household birds (p=0:002) and seven factors for H5N1 infections including: observing rodents (p=0:036, OR = 0.005), stray dogs access (p=0:004 OR <= 0.001), presence of turkeys (p = 0:03 OR = 0.007), chukars/partridges (p = 0:024 OR = 2500), and peafowls in the stalls (p=0:0043 OR <= 0.001), rainy season (p=0:001) and birds from the household sources (p=0:002) in the live bird markets. Conclusions. The findings of the current study illustrate the recurring infection and presence of both avian influenza viruses and associated risk factors in the surveyed marketplaces. Effective protective measures and mitigation strategies for risks outlined in this study could help to reduce the burden of H5N1 and H9N2 AI subtypes into the live bird markets of Indonesia.	这项研究针对H5N1和H9N2亚型禽流感作为高致病性人畜共患病在印度尼西亚持续传播、对家禽业和公共卫生安全构成日益严峻威胁的现状，调查了印尼东爪哇省四个城市活禽市场中家禽的病毒流行率及关键风险因素。研究人员在当地活禽市场采集了大量健康家禽的组织拭子样本，将其接种于无特定病原体的鸡胚中进行培养，并借助实时荧光定量PCR技术开展了进一步的病毒鉴定与系统分析。结果表明，活禽市场中普遍存在这两类禽流感亚型的循环感染，其中散养家禽的病毒流行率最高，肉鸡和蛋鸡次之。通过多变量模型深度剖析发现，H9N2的感染风险主要与市场摊位中是否存在鸭、火鸡及雉鸡等特定禽类、不同的季节更替（旱季与雨季）以及家禽来源于家庭自养密切相关；而H5N1的感染则受到市场内观察到啮齿动物、流浪狗出没、特定摊位内混养火鸡、石鸡或孔雀、雨季气候以及家禽源自家庭供给等多种复杂因素的显著影响。研究结论强调，活禽市场内禽流感病毒的反复感染与高风险环境并存，印尼相关部门必须针对本研究所识别出的各项具体风险源，制定并实施更为行之有效的市场防护屏障与风险缓解策略，从而切实阻断病毒的蔓延并减轻其对公共卫生的潜在危害。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14095
Liem, A	The possibilities and challenges of integrative medicine implementation in clinical psychology: a qualitative study in Indonesia	整合医学在临床心理学中实施的可能性与挑战：一项在印度尼西亚开展的定性研究	BMC COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND THERAPIES	Background: Integrative medicine (IM), which is the integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into conventional health services, has been applied in some nations. Despite its highly relevant holistic approach with the improvement of mental health care using person-centred approach, there are limited studies that discuss IM, specifically in clinical psychology. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of Indonesian clinical psychologists (CPs) on the possibilities and challenges of IM implementation in clinical psychology. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 43 CPs who worked in public health centres were conducted between November 2016 and January 2017. A maximum variation sampling was used. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was applied considering its flexibility to report and examine explicit and latent contents. Results: Three themes were identified from the analysis. First, the possibility of IM implementation in clinical psychology, which revealed two possible options that were centred on creating co-located services. Second, the challenges that covered (a) credibility, (b) acceptance, (c) procedure and facility, and (d) understanding and skill. Lastly, participants proposed four strategies to overcome these challenges, including: (a) certification, (b) facilities, (c) dialogue, and (d) regulations. Conclusion: Participants recognised the possibility of IM implementation in clinical psychology, particularly in clinical psychology services. This IM implementation may face challenges that could be overcome by dialogue between CPs and CAM practitioners as well as clear regulation from the government and professional psychology association.	这项研究针对将补充与替代医学融入传统医疗的“整合医学”概念虽在多国有所应用，但在临床心理学领域尤其是其如何结合“以人为本”方法提升心理健康服务的探讨依然十分匮乏的现状，深入调查了印度尼西亚临床心理学家对该模式在心理咨询中落地之可行性与障碍的看法。研究人员在特定时期内对数十名在公共卫生中心工作、具备最大差异性的临床心理学家开展了半结构化访谈，并运用极具灵活性且能深度剖析显隐性内容的文本主题分析法对资料进行了系统梳理。结果表明，受访者对该模式的引入普遍持开放态度，并勾勒出了两种以“同址协同服务”为核心的潜在可行路径；然而，该制度的推行也面临着疗效可信度、传统医疗接受度、诊疗流程与硬件设施配套，以及专业认知与技能不足等四大层面的现实挑战；为此，心理学家们针对性地提出了建立专业认证体系、完善配套设施、促进跨界对话以及制定规范化行业法规这四项应对策略。研究结论强调，临床心理学家们认可整合医学在心理健康服务中的发展潜力，尽管这一探索面临诸多壁垒，但未来通过推动心理学家与替代医学从业者之间的良性沟通，并依赖政府及心理学专业协会出台清晰的监管法规，将能有效化解阻碍并实现服务模式的平稳转型。	2020	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03019-x