本部分收集展示了老挝近期在全球公共卫生领域的研究进展，具体如下：

Authors	Article Title	文章标题	Source Title	Abstract	摘要	Publication Year	DOI Link
Wasakul, V; Disratthakit, A; Mayxay, M; Chindavongsa, K; Sengsavath, V; Thuy-Nhien, N; Pearson, RD; Phalivong, S; Xayvanghang, S; Maude, RJ; Gonçalves, S; Day, NP; Newton, PN; Ashley, EA; Kwiatkowski, DP; Dondorp, AM; Miotto, O	Malaria outbreak in Laos driven by a selective sweep for Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 R539T mutants: a genetic epidemiology analysis	老挝疟疾暴发由恶性疟原虫 kelch13 R539T 突变体的选择性清除驱动：一项遗传流行病学分析	LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES	BackgroundMalaria outbreaks are important public health concerns that can cause resurgence in endemic regions approaching elimination. We investigated a Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in Attapeu Province, Laos, during the 2020-21 malaria season, using genomic epidemiology methods to elucidate parasite population dynamics and identify its causes. MethodsIn this genetic analysis, 2164 P falciparum dried blood spot samples were collected from southern Laos between Jan 1, 2017, and April 1, 2021, which included 249 collected during the Attapeu outbreak between April 1, 2020, and April 1, 2021, by routine surveillance. Genetic barcodes obtained from these samples were used to investigate epidemiological changes underpinning the outbreak, estimate population diversity, and analyse population structure. Whole-genome sequencing data from additional historical samples were used to reconstruct the ancestry of outbreak strains using identity-by-descent analyses.FindingsThe outbreak parasite populations were characterised by unprecedented loss of genetic diversity, primarily caused by rapid clonal expansion of a multidrug-resistant strain (LAA1) carrying the kelch13 Arg539Thr (R539T) mutation. LAA1 replaced kelch13 Cys580Tyr (C580Y) mutants resistant to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (KEL1/PLA1) as the dominant strain. LAA1 inherited 58 & BULL;8% of its genome from a strain circulating in Cambodia in 2008. A secondary outbreak strain (LAA2) carried the kelch13 C580Y allele, and a genome that is essentially identical to a Cambodian parasite from 2009. A third, low-frequency strain (LAA7) was a recombinant of KEL1/PLA1 with a kelch13 R539T mutant.InterpretationThese results strongly suggest that the outbreak was driven by a selective sweep, possibly associated with multidrug-resistant phenotypes of the outbreak strains. Established resistant populations can circulate at low frequencies for years before suddenly overwhelming dominant strains when the conditions for selection become favourable-eg, when front-line therapies change. Genetic surveillance can support elimination by characterising key properties of outbreaks such as population diversity, drug resistance marker prevalence, and the origins of outbreak strains.	本研究利用基因组流行病学方法，调查了老挝阿速坡省2020-2021年疟疾季节期间发生的恶性疟原虫疫情。结果显示，疫情虫株以携带kelch13 R539T突变的多重耐药株LAA1的快速克隆扩张为特征，并取代了此前对双氢青蒿素-哌喹耐药的KEL1/PLA1株成为优势虫株。LAA1的大部分基因组遗传自2008年在柬埔寨流行的虫株。另一株次要疫情虫株LAA2携带C580Y等位基因，其基因组与2009年柬埔寨寄生虫几乎相同。第三株低频虫株LAA7为KEL1/PLA1与R539T突变体的重组体。研究推断，此次疫情可能由与虫株多重耐药表型相关的选择性清除驱动。已建立的耐药群体可在低频率下循环多年，直至一线治疗方案变更等条件适宜时突然压倒优势虫株。研究强调，遗传监测通过揭示疫情虫株的多样性、耐药标记流行率及起源，可为消除疟疾提供关键支持。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00697-1
Höller, P; Asp, E; Pärssinen, J; Phouthana, V; Soulinthone, N; Keopaseuth, S; Chanda, K; Ling, JX; Lindahl, JF; Naguib, MM	Avian influenza and coronaviruses in live animal and wet markets in Laos: prevalence and public health considerations	老挝活体动物及湿货市场中的禽流感与冠状病毒：流行状况与公共卫生考量	FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY	Background Live animal and wet markets (LWM) serve as critical interfaces where humans closely interact with domestic and peri-domestic animals, facilitating the spillover of zoonotic pathogens. Previous outbreaks of avian influenza viruses (AIV) and coronaviruses (CoV) linked to these markets underscore their significant public health risks. Despite the high density of LWM and historical viral spillovers in Southeast Asia, studies on the prevalence of respiratory viruses in LWM in Laos remain limited.Methods To address this gap, we conducted a study across 20 LWM in the capital region of Laos in 2023. A total of 266 oropharyngeal swab samples from live and slaughtered ducks and chickens, the environment, and the air, were collected and screened for AIV and CoV. Furthermore, a questionnaire assessed the knowledge and attitudes of vendors and shoppers regarding disease risks at LWM.Results We found a higher prevalence of AIV in swabs from live ducks (72%) compared to chickens (18%), while CoV was more common in chickens (13%) than ducks (5%). Air samples showed a prevalence of 38% for AIV and 8% for CoV. Subtyping of AIV revealed the circulation of the high pathogenicity H5N1 strain which is genetically characterized as clade 2.3.2.1e.Conclusions These findings highlight the significant public health risks associated with LWM in Laos and emphasize the need for continuous surveillance and control measures to mitigate the risk of future zoonotic outbreaks.	本研究旨在评估老挝首都地区20个活体动物及湿货市场中呼吸道病毒的流行情况及其公共卫生风险。通过对鸭、鸡、环境和空气样本进行检测，发现活鸭样本中禽流感病毒阳性率高于鸡，而鸡中冠状病毒阳性率高于鸭。空气样本中也检测到较高比例的禽流感病毒和冠状病毒。亚型分析显示存在高致病性H5N1毒株（分支2.3.2.1e）。问卷调查揭示了摊主和购物者对疾病风险的认知与态度。研究结论强调，老挝的活体动物及湿货市场存在显著的公共卫生风险，急需持续监测并采取控制措施，以降低未来人兽共患疫情暴发的可能性。	2026	http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1786183
Larkins, A; Sayasone, S; Gabrie, S; Ash, A	Cysticercosis in Laos: Prevalence, risk factors and predictive mapping	老挝囊虫病：流行状况、危险因素与预测绘图	ACTA TROPICA	Background: Neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in low and middle-income countries. This study describes the first national cysticercosis serosurvey in the Mekong region and the first national predicted prevalence map in Asia. Methods: Two thousand two hundred and sixty-two individuals from 149 random villages across Laos provided serum samples that were tested for cysticercosis using the B158/B60 antigen ELISA. Participants compelted individual questionnaires on risk factors for cysticercosis. Logistic regression with random spatial effects was used to determine significant risk factors. A second geostatistical model using readily available national datasets at the village level produced predicted prevalence maps across the country. Results: The overall study prevalence was 5.31% (95% CI: 4.44 - 6.29%), with cases detected throughout the country. Prevalence varied significantly between villages with a minimum of 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00 - 5.78%) in some villages and maximum of 43.75% (95% CI: 22.16 - 67.39%) in others, supporting the evidence for cysticercosis hotspots. Sex, wealth index and region were all significant risk factors based on individual responses, whilst distance to the nearest city and poverty were the only significant factors in the national predictive model. Conclusions: Cysticercosis was found throughout Laos, challenging the previous belief that it was primarily a disease of northern Laos. The significant association with wealth and poverty in both models highlights the need for socioeconomic considerations in disease control. Many of the high predicted prevalence areas exist along the borders with Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam suggesting that cross-border or regional approaches may be beneficial.	本研究在老挝开展了首个全国性囊虫病血清学调查，并绘制了亚洲首张全国预测性患病率分布图。结果显示，全国总体患病率为5.31%，病例遍布全国各地，且不同村庄间患病率差异显著，存在明显的热点区域。个体风险因素分析表明，性别、财富指数和地区与感染显著相关。全国预测模型中，距离最近城市的距离和贫困水平是唯一显著的因素。研究结论挑战了此前认为囊虫病主要分布在老挝北部的观点，发现其在全国范围内均有分布。财富和贫困与患病率的显著关联提示疾病控制需纳入社会经济因素考量。高预测患病率区域多分布于与柬埔寨、泰国和越南接壤的边境地带，暗示跨境或区域合作可能对防控工作更为有利。	2026	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108034