本部分收集展示了马来西亚近期在全球公共卫生领域的研究进展，具体如下：

Authors	Article Title	文章标题	Source Title	Abstract	摘要	Publication Year	DOI Link
Lu, XY; Lai, KH; Teh, SY; Tan, ML	Forecasting Climate-driven Dengue Incidence in Penang, Malaysia	预测马来西亚槟城气候驱动的登革热发病率	JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL AND FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES	Dengue continues to pose a major public health challenge in Malaysia, with no definitive cure currently available. Although the Ministry of Health of Malaysia has implemented various measures to control outbreaks, the number of cases keeps rising and is likely to worsen due to the impacts of climate change. Hence, early detection and prediction of dengue outbreaks are vital for the implementation of risk mitigation measures. This study applied and assessed the performance of a coupled ARIMAX and SI-SIR model for forecasting dengue incidence in Penang, Malaysia. Data from 2014 to 2020, including reported dengue cases and climate variables (rainfall and average temperature), were used. Previous research has demonstrated a strong correlation between climate factors and dengue transmission. Granger causality tests also indicated that the time series of rainfall and average temperature are significant predictors of the mosquito biting rate, which is closely linked to dengue transmission. Therefore, these climate variables were incorporated into the coupled model to enhance its forecasting performance. Through multiple simulation rounds with a four-week forecasting period, the coupled model achieved an average forecasting accuracy of around 80% in predicting dengue cases in Penang.	本研究针对马来西亚槟城州，应用并评估了一种耦合ARIMAX与SI-SIR模型在登革热发病率预测中的性能。研究使用2014至2020年的登革热病例数据及气候变量（降雨量和平均温度），基于格兰杰因果检验发现这两项气候因素是蚊子叮咬率的重要预测因子。通过多轮为期四周的预测模拟，该耦合模型在预测槟城登革热病例方面取得了约八成的平均预测准确率。研究表明，纳入气候变量的耦合模型有助于提升登革热暴发的早期预测能力，为风险缓解措施的制定提供支持。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.1.2
Shao, Y; Wang, L; Jin, HT; Ye, HX	The motivational factor of working to involve outdoor sport as mediated by health awareness and social influence: a case study for China and Malaysia	将户外运动融入工作中的动机因素：基于健康意识与社会影响的中介作用——以中国与马来西亚为例	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	ObjectivesThis study examines the motivating factors influencing outdoor sports participation in China and Malaysia, emphasizing the mediating roles of social influence and health consciousness, and their implications for policy and community engagement.Study designA mixed-methods approach was employed in this cross-sectional study, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group discussions to capture diverse perspectives on outdoor sports participation and its motivating factors.MethodsData were collected from 500 individuals using self-administered questionnaires assessing motivation, social influence, health awareness, and participation frequency. Statistical analyses, including regression, mediation, and correlation, were conducted to explore the relationships between these variables. Focus group discussions provided additional insights into the motivational factors driving outdoor sports engagement, with particular attention to the role of social influence and community-driven initiatives.ResultsFindings reveal a significant positive relationship between health awareness and the motivation to engage in outdoor sports. Social influence indirectly affects participation through its impact on health awareness and motivation. Comparative analysis highlights both similarities and differences in these dynamics between China and Malaysia. The study demonstrates the importance of leveraging social networks, community programs, and digital campaigns to foster outdoor sports participation.ConclusionsThe study underscores the crucial role of social influence and health awareness in shaping outdoor sports participation. These insights inform policy recommendations, advocating for integrated health education programs and community-driven social interventions. Policymakers should focus on fostering community engagement through digital campaigns, public health initiatives, and government-backed programs that use social influence to promote outdoor sports and physical activity, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.	本研究采用混合方法，探讨了中国与马来西亚两国影响户外运动参与的动力因素，重点分析了社会影响与健康意识的中介作用。定量与定性研究结果显示，健康意识与参与动机之间存在显著正相关，而社会影响通过影响健康意识和动机间接作用于参与行为。两国在这些机制上既有共性也存在差异。研究指出，利用社交网络、社区项目和数字宣传活动是促进户外运动参与的重要途径。政策建议方面，应整合健康教育计划与社区驱动的社会干预措施，政策制定者可通过数字宣传、公共卫生倡议及政府支持项目，发挥社会影响的积极作用，推动户外运动和身体活动，从而改善公共健康结果。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22661-z
Mohamed, R; Yip, C; Singh, S	Understanding the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of the public towards liver diseases in Malaysia	了解马来西亚公众对肝病的认知、意识与态度	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY	BackgroundViral hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the commonest etiologies of liver-related deaths in Malaysia. Herein, this study aims to explore and understand the knowledge and attitudes of the public toward liver-related health and diseases in Malaysia. MethodsA cross-sectional, self-reported, web-based questionnaire was conducted among 500 adults between February and March 2020. Questionnaire items pertained to the knowledge and attitudes toward liver-related health and diseases. ResultsHalf of the respondents were aged >= 35 years and 52.0% were males. Gaps in knowledge included the lack of awareness of different types of hepatitis, including the potential transmission risks and complications of HBV and HCV. About half acknowledged liver fibrosis and cirrhosis as key determinants of liver-related disease progression. A higher proportion rightly recognized the diagnostic test for HCV (40.8%) than HBV (30.0%) despite more being aware of HBV than HCV. Less than one-third were aware of the risk factors, screening tests, and complications of NAFLD. Despite the majority (92.8%) agreeing that regular screening was important for liver health, only 67.0% attended recent health screening and one-fifth were unlikely to seek medical consultation upon exposure to viral hepatitis risk factors. Reasons for this low urgency included the perception of being healthy, cost-related concerns, and societal discrimination. ConclusionRobust education efforts are needed to raise awareness and empower the community with knowledge of liver-related diseases, particularly viral hepatitis and NAFLD in Malaysia.	本研究旨在了解马来西亚公众对肝脏健康与疾病的认知和态度。通过对500名成人进行横断面在线问卷调查发现，公众在肝炎类型、传播风险及并发症方面存在知识空白。尽管多数受访者知晓乙肝多于丙肝，但正确识别丙肝检测方法的比例反而高于乙肝。对于非酒精性脂肪性肝病，其危险因素、筛查手段及并发症的知晓率均较低。虽然绝大多数人认同定期筛查对肝脏健康的重要性，但实际近期筛查参与率不高，且部分人在存在病毒性肝炎风险暴露后不愿就医，主要原因包括自认为健康、费用顾虑及社会歧视。研究结论指出，马来西亚需要加强针对病毒性肝炎及非酒精性脂肪性肝病的公众教育，以提升认知水平并赋权社区。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000002548
Chem, YK; Yenamandra, SP; Chong, CK; Mudin, RN; Wan, MK; Tajudin, N; Bakar, RSA; Yamin, MA; Yahya, R; Chang, CC; Koo, C; Ng, LC; Hapuarachchi, HC	Molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia: 2015-2021	马来西亚登革热分子流行病学：2015–2021年	FRONTIERS IN GENETICS	Dengue has been one of the major public health problems in Malaysia for decades. Over 600,000 dengue cases and 1,200 associated fatalities have been reported in Malaysia from 2015 to 2021, which was 100% increase from the cumulative total of dengue cases reported during the preceding 07-year period from 2008 to 2014. However, studies that describe the molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia in recent years are limited. In the present study, we describe the genetic composition and dispersal patterns of Dengue virus (DENV) by using 4,004 complete envelope gene sequences of all four serotypes (DENV-1 = 1,567, DENV-2 = 1,417, DENV-3 = 762 and DENV-4 = 258) collected across Malaysia from 2015 to 2021. The findings revealed that DENV populations in Malaysia were highly diverse, and the overall heterogeneity was maintained through repetitive turnover of genotypes. Phylogeography analyses suggested that DENV dispersal occurred through an extensive network, mainly among countries in South and East Asia and Malaysian states, as well as among different states, especially within Peninsular Malaysia. The results further suggested Selangor and Johor as major hubs of DENV emergence and spread in Malaysia.	本研究利用2015至2021年间马来西亚所有四种血清型登革热病毒的全套包膜基因序列，分析了其基因组成与传播模式。结果显示，马来西亚登革热病毒种群高度多样化，整体异质性通过基因型的重复更替得以维持。系统地理学分析表明，病毒传播网络广泛，主要发生在新加坡、东亚各国及马来西亚各州之间，特别是在马来西亚半岛内部不同州属之间。研究进一步指出，雪兰莪州和柔佛州是马来西亚登革热病毒出现和扩散的主要枢纽。	2024	http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1368843
Bainomugisa, A; Meumann, EM; Rajahram, GS; Ong, RTH; Coin, L; Paul, DC; William, T; Coulter, C; Ralph, AP	Genomic epidemiology of tuberculosis in eastern Malaysia: insights for strengthening public health responses	马来西亚东部结核病的基因组流行病学：为加强公共卫生应对提供的启示	MICROBIAL GENOMICS	Tuberculosis is a leading public health priority in eastern Malaysia. Knowledge of the genomic epidemiology of tuberculosis can help tailor public health interventions. Our aims were to determine tuberculosis genomic epidemiology and characterize resistance mutations in the ethnically diverse city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, located at the nexus of Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Brunei. We used an archive of prospectively collected Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples paired with epidemiological data. We collected sputum and demographic data from consecutive consenting outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the largest tuberculosis clinic from 2012 to 2014, and selected samples from tuberculosis inpatients from the tertiary referral centre during 2012?2014 and 2016?2017. Two hundred and eight M. tuberculosis sequences were available for analysis, representing 8 % of cases notified during the study periods. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that most strains were lineage 1 (195/208, 93.8 %), with the remainder being lineages 2 (8/208, 3.8 %) or 4 (5/208, 2.4 %). Lineages or sub-lineages were not associated with patient ethnicity. The lineage 1 strains were diverse, with sub-lineage 1.2.1 being dominant (192, 98 %). Lineage 1.2.1.3 isolates were geographically most widely distributed. The greatest diversity occurred in a border town sub-district. The time to the most recent common ancestor for the three major lineage 1.2.1 clades was estimated to be the year 1966 (95 % HPD 1948?1976). An association was found between failure of culture conversion by week 8 of treatment and infection with lineage 2 (4/6, 67 %) compared with lineage 1 strains (4/83, 5 %) (P<0.001), supporting evidence of greater virulence of lineage 2 strains. Eleven potential transmission clusters (SNP difference ?12) were identified; at least five included people living in different sub-districts. Some linked cases spanned the whole 4 -year study period. One cluster involved a multidrugresistant tuberculosis strain matching a drug-susceptible strain from 3 years earlier. Drug resistance mutations were uncommon, but revealed one phenotype?genotype mismatch in a genotypically multidrugresistant isolate, and rare nonsense mutations within the katG gene in two isolates. Consistent with the regionally mobile population, M. tuberculosis strains in Kota Kinabalu were diverse, although several lineage 1 strains dominated and were locally well established. Transmission clusters ? uncommonly identified, likely attributable to incomplete sampling ? showed clustering occurring across the community, not confined to households or sub-districts. The findings indicate that public health priorities should include active case finding and early institution of tuberculosis management in mobile populations, while there is a need to upscale effective contact investigation beyond households to include other contacts within social networks.	本研究旨在确定马来西亚沙巴州亚庇市结核病的基因组流行病学特征及耐药突变情况。通过对2012至2017年间采集的结核分枝杆菌样本进行全基因组测序与系统发育分析，发现绝大多数菌株属于谱系1，少数为谱系2和谱系4，各谱系或亚谱系与患者种族无显著关联。谱系1菌株呈现高度多样性，其中亚谱系1.2.1占据主导地位，分布最广，而遗传多样性最高的地区位于边境城镇。谱系2菌株与治疗第8周培养未转阴显著相关，提示其毒力更强。研究识别出多个潜在传播簇，部分传播跨越不同亚区并持续数年，且涉及社区范围内的传播，不限于家庭或亚区边界。耐药突变较为罕见，但发现了一例基因型与表型不匹配的耐多药菌株。研究结论指出，亚庇市的结核菌株虽多样，但以少数谱系1菌株为主导并在本地长期建立。公共卫生重点应包括在流动人群中开展主动病例发现和早期治疗管理，并将接触者调查范围从家庭扩展至社交网络中的其他接触者。	2021	http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000573
Hussein, N; Ng, CW; Ramli, R; Liew, SM; Hanafi, NS; Lee, PY; Cheong, AT; Ghazali, SS; Pinnock, H; Stoddart, A; Schwarze, J; Khoo, EM	Assessing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in adult asthma care: a cross-sectional study of patients attending six public health clinics in Klang District, Malaysia	评估成人哮喘护理中的灾难性卫生支出与致贫效应：一项针对马来西亚巴生县六家公共卫生诊所就诊患者的横断面研究	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	BackgroundIn Malaysia, asthma is a common chronic respiratory illness. Poor asthma control may increase out-of-pocket payment for asthma care, leading to financial hardships Malaysia provides Universal Health Coverage for the population with low user fees in the public health system to reduce financial hardship. We aimed to determine out-of-pocket expenditure on outpatient care for adult patients with asthma visiting government-funded public health clinics. We examined the catastrophic impact and medical impoverishment of these expenses on patients and households in Klang District, Malaysia.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional face-to-face questionnaire survey carried out in six government-funded public health clinics in Klang District, Malaysia. We collected demographic, socio-economic profile, and outpatient asthma-related out-of-pocket payments from 1003 adult patients between July 2019 and January 2020. Incidence of catastrophic health expenditure was estimated as the proportion of patients whose monthly out-of-pocket payments exceeded 10% of their monthly household income. Incidence of poverty was calculated as the proportion of patients whose monthly household income fell below the poverty line stratified for the population of the Klang District. The incidence of medical impoverishment was estimated by the change in the incidence of poverty after out-of-pocket payments were deducted from household income. Predictors of catastrophic health expenditure were determined using multivariate regression analysis.ResultsWe found the majority (80%) of the public health clinic attendees were from low-income groups, with 41.6% of households living below the poverty line. About two-thirds of the attendees reported personal savings as the main source of health payment. The cost of transportation and complementary-alternative medicine for asthma were the main costs incurred. The incidences of catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment were 1.69% and 0.34% respectively. The only significant predictor of catastrophic health expenditure was household income. Patients in the higher income quintiles (Q2, Q3, Q4) had lower odds of catastrophic risk than the lowest quintile (Q1). Age, gender, ethnicity, and poor asthma control were not significant predictors.ConclusionThe public health system in Malaysia provides financial risk protection for adult patients with asthma. Although patients benefited from the heavily subsidised public health services, this study highlighted those in the lowest income quintile still experienced financial catastrophe and impoverishment, and the risk of financial catastrophe was significantly greater in this group. It is crucial to ensure health equity and protect patients of low socio-economic groups from financial hardship.	本研究旨在评估马来西亚公共卫生系统对成年哮喘患者的门诊自付支出及其造成的灾难性支出和医疗致贫风险。通过在巴生区六家政府资助的诊所对患者进行面对面问卷调查，结果显示，大多数就诊患者来自低收入群体，超过四成的家庭生活在贫困线以下。自付费用主要来自交通和补充替代医学，而非医疗服务本身。灾难性卫生支出的发生率和医疗致贫率均较低。家庭收入是灾难性支出的唯一显著预测因素，收入最低的五分之一群体风险最高，而年龄、性别、种族及哮喘控制水平无显著影响。研究结论指出，马来西亚公共卫生系统为成年哮喘患者提供了较好的财务风险保护，但最低收入群体仍面临财务灾难和致贫风险，需确保健康公平并保护低社会经济地位患者免受财务困境。	2024	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10731-8
Tok, PSK; Jilani, M; Misnar, NF; Bidin, NS; Rosli, N; Toha, HR	A diphtheria outbreak in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Public health investigation and response	马来西亚新山白喉疫情：公共卫生调查与应对	JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES	Introduction: Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although the incidence of diphtheria worldwide has rapidly declined following the largely successful diphtheria toxoid-based vaccines, concerns persist for those who were unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. In this report, we describe a recent diphtheria outbreak in Malaysia involving four confirmed diphtheria cases. Methodology: The outbreak investigation efforts and epidemiological characteristics of a diphtheria outbreak in Malaysia are described. For all suspected cases, swabs were taken and sent for isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and confirmation of toxigenic strains. Results: The index case was a two-year-old child living with his family in a welfare home. Following contact tracing efforts and investigation for suspected cases, seven samples came back as culture positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Confirmation of toxigenic strains was performed using PCR and Elek's test, which showed 100% correlation in positivity for four of the samples. All four confirmed cases were below 18 years of age, and three of them did not have complete vaccination history (two unvaccinated, one unknown). The index case eventually succumbed due to severe diphtheria with multiorgan failure while all the other cases were discharged healthy. Conclusions: In Malaysia, despite good vaccination coverage, sporadic diphtheria outbreaks still occur. The rising trend of cases reported over the recent years underscores the need to remain vigilant. Addressing pockets of unvaccinated children and potential waning immunity levels in the population remains pivotal.	本文报告了马来西亚近期发生的一起白喉疫情，涉及四例确诊病例。指示病例为一名居住在福利院的低龄儿童。经接触者追踪和病原学检测，共检出多份培养阳性样本，其中四份经PCR和Elek试验确认为产毒株。所有确诊病例均未满18岁，且多数疫苗接种史不全。指示病例因重症白喉合并多器官功能衰竭死亡，其余病例康复出院。研究指出，尽管马来西亚疫苗接种覆盖率较高，但散发性白喉疫情仍时有发生，近年报告病例呈上升趋势。应对未接种儿童群体及人群中潜在的免疫力下降问题，仍是保持警惕的关键。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16076