本部分收集展示了文莱近期在全球公共卫生领域的研究进展，具体如下：

Authors	Article Title	文章标题	Source Title	Abstract	摘要	Publication Year	DOI Link
Arifin, EN; Hoon, CY; Slesman, L; Tan, A	Self-rated health and perceived environmental quality in Brunei Darussalam: a cross-sectional study	文莱达鲁萨兰国的自评健康与环境质量感知：一项横断面研究	BMJ OPEN	Objectives This paper examines the relationship between individuals' perceptions of environmental quality and self-rated health (SRH) after controlling for dimensions of socioeconomic, demographic and healthy lifestyle variables. Design A cross-sectional survey. Setting The survey was conducted in Belait, an oil-rich and gas-rich district in Brunei Darussalam, from 17 October to 11 November 2019 and focused on the most populated subdistricts (Kuala Belait, Seria and Liang), where 97% of the people reside. Participants A final sample of 1000 respondents aged 18 years and older were randomly selected from the population of the chosen subdistricts, with 95% CI and +/- 3 margin of error. Due to variable selection, only 673 respondents were available for analysis. Outcome measures SRH was dichotomised into 1 for good health and 0 otherwise. Perceptions of environmental quality included perceptions of the natural environment (air quality, marine quality, water supply, noise and olfactory pollution) and the social environment (crime). chi(2) and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between individuals' perceived environmental quality and SRH. Results Most respondents perceived themselves with good SRH (72%). The adjusted logistic regression shows that perceptions of air quality (OR="2.20," 95% CI 1.15 to 4.22, p="0.018)" and marine resources (OR="1.84," 95% CI 1.24 to 2.74, p="0.002)" in their surrounding areas were significantly associated with good SRH. However, other environmental variables were insignificantly associated with SRH. Among the control variables, healthy lifestyle and employment had positive associations with good SRH (OR="3.89," 95% CI 1.96 to 7.71, p="0.000," for exercising 3-5 times a week; OR="1.72," 95% CI 1.09 to 2.71, p="0.021," for being employed). In addition, frequent physical exercise compensated for the negative health impact of environmental pollution. Conclusions This study suggests that environmental quality has an important role in SRH. However, a healthy lifestyle measured with frequency of physical exercise seems to compensate for the adverse environmental effects on SRH.	这项研究聚焦于文莱典型油气区，探讨了公众对环境质量的直观感知与自评健康（SRH）之间的关联。研究人员通过横断面调查，运用逻辑回归模型评估了包含自然与社会环境在内的多维感知对自评健康的影响。结果表明，居民对周边空气质量和海洋资源状况的良好感知，与优质的自评健康存在显著的独立正相关；同时，规律的体育锻炼和就业状态也与良好的自评健康显著正相关。值得注意的是，高频次的身体锻炼能够有效弥补和抵消环境污染对个体健康感知带来的负面冲击。研究结论强调，生态环境质量对居民自评健康至关重要，而通过规律运动维持健康的生活方式，能有效对冲不良环境对个体健康造成的负面效应。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060799
Chaw, L; Lim, STW; Yussof, SRM	Human Papillomavirus vaccine coverage among female students in Brunei Darussalam: results from the first 4 years of the national school-based vaccination programme	文莱达鲁萨兰国女学生的HPV疫苗接种覆盖率：国家学校疫苗接种计划前四年的结果	HELIYON	Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination among girls (ages 9-14) is an effective way to prevent infection. Since 2012, Brunei Darussalam has implemented the National School-based HPV Vaccination programme which aims to vaccinate all female school students of 10-17 years old. This study was conducted to calculate and descriptively compare the coverage rates of all private and government secondary school students at both national and district levels, along with the parental consent rate. Methods: HPV vaccination records of all female students between January 2012 and December 2015 were retrospectively extracted from the School Health Services, Ministry of Health. Descriptive statistics were used to report the overall and annual vaccination coverage rate (by district, class year, nationality and type of school) and parental consent rate. Results: A total of 27,178 female students were recorded during the study period, with an overall complete dose coverage rate of 85.8% (95% CI: 85.4%, 86.2%) and 90.8% (95% CI: 90.4%, 91.2%) for all and Bruneian female students, respectively. A similar trend could be observed each year, where there is a decrease in the coverage rate from the first, second and complete doses. Brunei-Muara had the lowest vaccination coverage and parental consent rates among the country's four districts. We also observed higher HPV vaccination coverage rate for government students. Parental consent rate of Bruneian students were considerably higher than that of non-Bruneian students. Conclusion: Overall, the national school-based vaccination programme has achieved a high complete dose coverage rate in its first 4 years of implementation. Issues identified for this programme are vaccine cost and difficulty to reach students who have missed their scheduled vaccination in schools. The programme can be further improved by identifying other barriers of accepting and completing their HPV vaccine dose schedule.	本研究旨在评估文莱基于学校的HPV疫苗接种计划在实施前四年（2012-2015年）的覆盖情况。通过对所有女中学生的接种记录进行回顾性分析，结果显示整体全剂量覆盖率达到较高水平，文莱本国学生的覆盖率更高。每年均呈现从首剂、第二剂到全剂量覆盖率逐步下降的趋势。在该国四个地区中，文莱-穆阿拉区的接种覆盖率和家长同意率最低。政府学校学生的覆盖率高于私立学校学生，本国学生的家长同意率也显著高于非本国学生。研究指出，该计划面临的主要挑战包括疫苗成本和难以覆盖错过校内接种的学生，建议进一步识别影响接种完成率的其他障碍，以持续改进项目效果。	2019	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02588
Chaw, L; Salleh, LM; Hamid, RA; Thu, K	Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Brunei Darussalam: a retrospective cohort study	文莱达鲁萨兰国肺外结核流行病学：一项回顾性队列研究	BMJ OPEN	Objectives We reported the incidence and associated factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting Brunei Darussalam, an intermediate tuberculosis (TB)-burden country with stagnating annual TB rates. Participants All active TB cases identified in the country between January 2001 and December 2018 (18 years). Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual proportions of EPTB (overall and specific) were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was done to investigate factors associated with developing EPTB, when compared with pulmonary TB (PTB). Chi(2) trend test was used to determine any trends during the 18-year study period. Results We identified 3916 TB cases, among which 743 (19.0%) were EPTB cases. Lymphatic (44.8%) and pleural (19.4%) EPTB were most common. The main modes of diagnosis were tissue biopsy (73.6%) and radiological assessment (18.3%). Treatment success and mortality rate were 79.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Associations with specific EPTB types varies with age-group and gender. Younger age-group (adjusted OR (aOR)>= 1.94) and women (aOR: 2.45 (95% CI: 1.94 to 3.11)) had higher adjusted odds of developing lymphatic EPTB, but had lower adjusted odds of developing pleural EPTB (younger age-group (aOR <= 0.54) and women (aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.90)). When compared to foreign residents, locals had higher adjusted odds of skeletal (aOR: 4.44 (95% CI: 2.04 to 11.69)), gastrointestinal (aOR: 3.91 (95% CI: 1.84 to 9.66)) and other types of EPTB (aOR: 3.42 (95% CI: 1.53 to 9.14)). No significant trend differences were observed for overall and specific EPTB types. Conclusion Despite being generally non-infectious and less recognised than PTB, understanding EPTB epidemiology is important as it also contributes to the overall TB burden in a country. Examining EPTB cases by their specific anatomical site would provide more information on risk factors. Raising public awareness on the EPTB symptoms and that TB affects lungs and other parts of the body could promote early health seeking behaviour and early EPTB diagnosis.	这项针对文莱的回顾性队列研究发现，在2001年至2018年期间，肺外结核占该国所有结核病例的近五分之一，其中以淋巴结核和胸膜结核最为常见。年轻人群和女性患淋巴结核的风险更高，而患胸膜结核的风险则较低。与外国居民相比，本地居民患骨骼、胃肠道及其他类型肺外结核的风险显著增加。研究期间，肺外结核的总体及各类型的发病率趋势未见明显变化。研究强调，尽管肺外结核通常不具传染性且相较于肺结核关注度较低，但其对结核总体负担具有重要影响，按具体解剖部位分析风险因素并提高公众对肺外结核症状的认识，有助于促进早期就诊和诊断。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073266
Lee, SHF; Rahim, NA; Ong, SK; Rahman, HA; Naing, L	Survival of cervical cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam: 2002-2017	文莱达鲁萨兰国宫颈癌患者生存情况：2002—2017年	HELIYON	Objective:Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among Bruneian women. This study aims to investigate the survival rate of cervical cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam between 2002 and 2017, to compare survival of cervical cancer patients between two periods: 2002-2009 and 2010-2017 and to identify prognostic factors of cervical cancer. Methods:A retrospective cohort study on cervical cancer patients registered in Brunei Darussalam Cancer Registry between 2002 and 2017. De-identified data from the registry was extracted and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test and multiple Cox regression analysis. Results:The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of cervical cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam were 87.3%, 77.4% and 72.5% respectively from 2002 to 2017. The 5-year survival rate for 2002-2009 and 2010-2017 were 77.3% and 69.1% respectively. The risk of mortality was significantly higher in 2010-2017 compared to 2002-2009 after adjusting for variables (Adjusted HR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.40; p = 0.019). Patients with distant cancer (Adjusted HR = 11.21; 95% CI: 6.18, 20.30; p < 0.001) had the highest risk of mortality. Conclusion:The 5-year survival rate of cervical cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam was 72.5%, which ranks relatively high globally. However, increased mortality among elderly patients, and patients diagnosed with cervical cancers at the later stages, calls for public health efforts to raise awareness, early detection, and disease management.	本研究旨在分析文莱2002至2017年间宫颈癌患者的生存率及预后因素。结果显示，整体五年生存率较高，在全球范围内处于相对领先水平。然而，与2002-2009年相比，2010-2017年期间的死亡风险反而显著升高。远处转移患者的死亡风险最高。研究指出，尽管整体生存率可观，但老年患者和晚期诊断患者的死亡率较高，提示需要加强公众 awareness、早期检测和疾病管理方面的公共卫生努力。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16080
Trivedi, A; Fontelera, M; Lai, A	SARS-COV-2 Screening of Health Care Workers in Brunei Darussalam	文莱达鲁萨兰国医务工作者SARS-CoV-2筛查	WORKPLACE HEALTH & SAFETY	Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of COVID-19 infection; therefore, screening is recommended for early detection and management to break the chain of transmission. Globally, multiple strategies have been utilized for the screening of HCWs. This article reports and evaluates an active surveillance and screening strategy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) among HCWs following work or nonwork exposures in Brunei Darussalam to prevent health care-associated COVID-19 transmission. Methods: In March 2020, the Ministry of Health through the Occupational Health Division adopted an active screening strategy for symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs, which involved symptom screening, risk assessment, SARS-COV-2 testing, and management following work/nonwork exposure and recent overseas travel, and those with influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms. Screening frequency was based on the HCWs' symptoms and exposure, with the intent to evaluate all possible sources of exposure. Findings: As of December 31, 2020, 821 HCWs were screened, of which 632 (77%) had ILI symptoms and 14 (1.7%) had high-risk occupational exposure. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab testing was carried out on 577 (70.3%) HCWs, with the highest proportion of swabs done on doctors (85.1%; p < .01) due to their workplace exposure (34.3%) and overseas travel (38.7%). Conclusion: By July 2021, Brunei Darussalam had recorded zero cases of COVID-19 among HCWs from occupational exposure. Our strategy of active screening for SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR testing since early in the outbreak has proven to be successful, in combination with infection control practices and public health measures, in the prevention of occupational transmission, thereby facilitating early return to work for HCWs with low-risk exposure and without symptoms.	本文报告并评估了文莱针对医护人员在工作或非工作暴露后采取的主动筛查与监测策略。自2020年3月起，卫生部对出现流感样症状、有暴露史或近期境外旅行史的医护人员进行症状筛查、风险评估和SARS-COV-2检测。截至2020年底，共筛查了数百名医护人员，其中大部分有流感样症状，少数有高风险职业暴露。医生因工作场所暴露和境外旅行史成为检测比例最高的群体。截至2021年7月，文莱未发生因职业暴露导致的医护人员新冠感染。研究表明，结合感染控制措施和公共卫生手段，自疫情早期实施的主动筛查策略在预防职业传播方面取得了成功，并促进了低风险暴露且无症状医护人员的早期返岗。	2022	http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21650799211062802
Koh, KS; Wong, J; Chaw, L	Epidemiology and control of hepatitis C virus infection in Brunei Darussalam: a retrospective cohort study	文莱达鲁萨兰国丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学与防控：一项回顾性队列研究	IJID REGIONS	Objectives: We describe the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cases in Brunei Darussalam and evaluate factors associated with its treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from two national databases between January 2013 and December 2022. Results: We identified 801 anti-HCV-positive cases. Although incidence remained relatively stable, prevalence rates increased from 10.1 to 48.7 per 100,00 population. Among those with detectable HCV RNA, treatment was initiated in 52.3% (n = 239). Locals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16, 5.36) and age (30-39 years [aOR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.17, 5.07], 40-44 years [aOR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.19, 5.58], and 50-54 years [aOR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.25, 6.24) were associated with treatment initiation. Among those who completed treatment (69.5%, n = 166), 64.5% (n = 107) achieved sustained virologic response. HCV-related complications at baseline were recorded in 7.4% (n = 59) of all cases, particularly among those aged >= 50 years (aOR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.93, 5.79). HCV-related deaths occurred in 36.4% (n = 47), among which 44.7% (n = 21) had HCV-related complications at baseline. Conclusions: An increasing HCV prevalence (likely due to case management processes and patient-related factors) and the high proportion of deaths with baseline HCV-related complications suggest the need to strengthen HCV screening and management in Brunei.	本回顾性队列研究描述了文莱丙型肝炎病毒的流行病学特征及治疗结局的影响因素。2013至2022年间，丙肝抗体阳性病例的发病率保持相对稳定，但患病率呈上升趋势。在病毒RNA可检测的病例中，约半数启动了治疗。本地居民及特定年龄组（30-54岁）与治疗启动呈正相关。完成治疗的患者中，近七成实现了持续病毒学应答。约百分之七的病例在基线期已出现丙肝相关并发症，尤以50岁及以上人群风险更高。丙肝相关死亡病例中，相当比例在基线期即存在并发症。研究结论提示，丙肝患病率上升以及基线并发症相关死亡比例较高，表明文莱需要加强丙肝的筛查与管理。	2026	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100818
Sulaiman, RA; Phuah, ET; Basri, AM	Assessing consumer awareness and perceptions of functional foods: A survey study in Brunei Darussalam	评估消费者对功能性食品的认知与感知：一项在文莱达鲁萨兰国的问卷调查研究	FOOD AND HUMANITY	The rise of functional foods within the health and wellness industry has garnered significant attention in Brunei Darussalam. The government is actively promoting healthier dietary choices to improve public health and mitigate chronic diseases. However, knowledge of Brunei consumers' awareness of functional foods and their health benefits remains limited. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the consumption of functional foods among Bruneians. A mixed-methods approach was employed including a survey of 200 respondents and 10 qualitative interviews. The study explored sources of knowledge, attitudes, intake patterns and expectations regarding functional foods. Statistical analyses were performed using the probit regression method in the SPSS Statistics application, with significance determined at p < 0.05. The results revealed that individual determinants such as age, education level and employment status were not statistically significant predictors of functional food awareness (p > 0.05). However, the positive coefficients for education level (beta = 6.268) and employment status (beta = 0.027) suggest a potential association with greater awareness. Health professional influence (beta = - 0.288, p < 0.05) played key roles with functional food awareness across age groups. These findings highlight opportunity for education and targeted advertising campaigns to promote functional foods in Brunei Darussalam.	本研究旨在探讨影响文莱消费者对功能性食品认知与消费的因素。采用混合方法（问卷调查与定性访谈）发现，年龄、教育水平和就业状况等个体因素在统计学上并非功能性食品认知的显著预测因子，但其正向系数提示可能存在潜在关联。值得注意的是，卫生专业人员的影响力在不同年龄组中均对认知水平发挥了关键作用。研究结论指出，文莱在功能性食品推广方面存在教育宣传和定向广告的机会空间。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100823
Haskani, NHM; Ming, LC; Dhaliwal, JS; Wee, DVT; Goh, BH; Ali, M; Shaharuddin, S; Goh, KW; Goh, HP	Diabetes Mellitus and Its Therapy in Brunei Darussalam-A Critical Revisit	文莱达鲁萨兰国的糖尿病及其治疗——一项批判性重审	PATIENT PREFERENCE AND ADHERENCE	Introduction: Diabetes is becoming an increasingly common condition across the world including Brunei Darussalam. Bruneian population, although is relatively small, represents a miniature urban community of neighbouring Southeast Asian countries as they share similar dietary and ethnicity patterns. Thus, it would be valuable to examine the findings of studies conducted among Bruneians. This study aimed to identify and review research related to the practice of patients with DM in Brunei Darussalam in order to identify associated factors influencing diabetic medication knowledge and adherence. Methods: This narrative review analyzed literature related to DM and its therapy in Brunei Darussalam. Other issues consisting of knowledge and adherence related to DM were also explored. Databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were used to search literature published up to May 2022. Search terms diabetes mellitus, Brunei combined using Boolean operator were used. Results and Discussion: Conducting appropriate studies in Brunei Darussalam can benefit the government and policymakers to implement effective measures and programmes to combat the diabetes epidemic. Despite the government's efforts, additional relevant stakeholders must be included in order to work together and engage in these initiatives in order to increase diabetes awareness, give people the power to make healthy decisions, and ultimately reduce the prevalence of diabetes in Brunei Darussalam. Patients' medication knowledge proficiency plays a main component of ensuring appropriate and safe use of medication prescribed to them. Conclusion: Relatively poor medication knowledge and inappropriate diabetes-related practices were observed in studies conducted in Brunei Darussalam. However, no study has been done which directly measures both medication awareness and compliance among Brunei Darussalam T2DM patients. Future studies can focus on the relation between these two factors in different geographical locations of the world that are characterized by different diabetes-related practices and culture.	本文采用叙述性综述方法，回顾了文莱达鲁萨兰国关于糖尿病患者药物知识与依从性的相关研究。尽管政府已采取措施应对糖尿病流行，但现有研究显示，患者的药物知识水平相对不足，糖尿病相关行为实践也存在不合理之处。目前尚缺乏直接同时测量文莱2型糖尿病患者药物认知与依从性的研究。综述指出，开展针对性的本土研究有助于政府及政策制定者实施更有效的干预措施，并建议纳入更多利益相关方合作推进糖尿病 awareness 和健康决策能力。未来研究可关注不同地域文化背景下这两个因素之间的关系。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S366152
Ong, SK; Kahan, SZ; Lai, DTC; Si-Ramlee, KA; Abdullah, MA; Sidup, N; Kamis, Z; Chong, CL	Prevalence of undetected hypertension and its association with socio-demographic and non-communicable diseases risk factors in Brunei Darussalam	文莱达鲁萨兰国未确诊高血压的患病率及其与社会人口学及非传染性疾病危险因素的相关性	JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG	Aim This study estimated the prevalence of undetected, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension in Brunei Darussalam and the associations with socio-demographic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors. Subjects and methods Participants were aged 18-69 years old from the national NCDs and risk factors survey in Brunei Darussalam, conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. Multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the associations of undetected, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension with socio-demographic and NCDs risk factors. Results The crude prevalence of hypertension was estimated to be 40.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37.2-43.6] in men and 32.3% (95% CI = 29.6-35.0) in women. Multivariable adjustment using logistic regression found that those who were currently married [odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, p < 0.001], have family history of hypertension (OR = 0.43, p < 0.001), reported buying food with low salt content (OR = 0.67, p = 0.039) and diabetic (OR = 0.28, p < 0.001) were found to be significantly less likely to have undetected hypertension. Amongst those who were previously diagnosed with hypertension, younger age groups, tobacco use and having no other NCDs diagnosis were found to have significantly higher odds of having untreated hypertension. Amongst those who were on antihypertensive treatment, having body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m(2) and above was significantly associated with lower odds of uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion More than one-third (35.8%) of the adult population in Brunei Darussalam were found to have hypertension. Among them, over one-quarter (28.6%) of hypertension cases were not previously detected. Amongst those previously diagnosed with hypertension, more than one-third (35.1%) were not treated or on antihypertensive medication. Screening for hypertension should be emphasised in public health education and media campaigns so that hypertension can be detected and treated earlier.	本研究利用文莱全国非传染性疾病及危险因素调查数据，估算了该国18至69岁人群中高血压的未检出、未治疗及未控制率及其相关因素。结果显示，成人高血压患病率较高，其中超过四分之一为既往未检出病例。在已确诊的高血压患者中，超过三分之一未接受治疗或未服用降压药物。多因素分析表明，已婚、有高血压家族史、主动购买低盐食物以及患有糖尿病者，其高血压未被检出的可能性显著较低。而在已确诊患者中，年轻人群、吸烟者及无其他非传染性疾病者，其高血压未治疗的风险更高。在接受治疗的患者中，肥胖与高血压未控制的风险较低。研究建议，应通过公众健康教育及媒体宣传加强高血压筛查，以实现早期发现和治疗。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01287-y
Othman, F; Abdullah, SN; Maddess, T; Ramalingham, M; Sharbini, S; Lim, ZW	Clinical profile and associated risk factors of diabetic retinopathy at a tertiary eye center in Brunei Darussalam	文莱达鲁萨兰国某三级眼科中心的糖尿病视网膜病变临床特征及相关危险因素	TAIWAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY	PURPOSE:The purpose of the study was to determine the proportion of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among individuals with type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its associated risk factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of 988 DR outpatients attending a tertiary eye center, Brunei Darussalam, between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021.RESULTS:Eight hundred and fifty one patients (56.8 +/- 10.9 years) with a total of 1702 eyes were included. The relative proportion of nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 985, 59.1%) was higher than proliferative DR (PDR) (n = 681, 40.9%), especially in females (32.8%) and Malays (53.4%). The largest DR age groups were NPDR 60-69 years (22.7%) and 50-59 years, with PDR (13.6%). The mean average risk factors between NPDR and PDR only showed marginal differences. The PDR group received more laser treatment (37.2%) than the NPDR group (15.0%). Using a multivariate logistic regression model, visual acuity (VA), measured by logMAR, was significantly associated with differentiating PDR from NPDR. For each single unit increase in logMAR, the risk of PDR increased by 3.58 times (95% confidence interval: 3.04-4.22).CONCLUSION:The relative prevalence of NPDR was higher than PDR; however, variables such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, duration of diabetes, weight, gender, and ethnicity were not strong determinants to differentiate between the two types. VA was associated with progression to PDR. This study highlights the need for early detection, regular screening, and patient education as preventive measures toward the progression of DR.	本研究旨在分析文莱2型糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变的类型分布及其相关危险因素。对一家三级眼科中心门诊患者的回顾性分析显示，非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的相对比例高于增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变，其中以女性和马来族人群为主。两组患者之间的平均危险因素（如高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病病程、体重等）仅存在轻微差异。多因素回归分析表明，视力水平与区分增殖性视网膜病变显著相关，视力越差，患增殖性病变的风险越高。研究结论指出，早期发现、定期筛查和患者教育对于延缓糖尿病视网膜病变的进展具有重要意义。	2025	http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00167
Maidin, MA; Rahman, NAA; Husaini, A; Teo, SP	Pain descriptors and adaptation of Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2) for older people in Brunei Darussalam	文莱达鲁萨兰国老年人群疼痛描述词及《简版麦吉尔疼痛问卷2》（SF-MPQ-2）的改编	PALLIATIVE MEDICINE IN PRACTICE	Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It is common in older people and tends to be under-reported and undertreated. In addition to quantifying pain severity using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the use of the translated Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) to identify pain descriptors may assist with pain assessment in older people. The aim is to identify pain descriptors for different pain etiology in older people using the adapted SF-MPQ-2 Brunei Malay version and compare pain severity assessments using the VAS and SF-MPQ-2. Patients and methods: A prospective study using the translated SF-MPQ-2 in older people admitted or seen in a clinic under Orthopaedics and Geriatrics specialities between November 2018 and February 2019. Results: There were 75 participants, with 21 pain descriptors used. The main descriptors for fractures, osteoarthritis or muscle/tendon problems were identified. Despite pain medication, more than a third still experienced moderate to severe pain. However, almost all were satisfied with the pain management. There was a statistically significant difference in pain severity between the VAS and SF-MPQ-2, with the VAS possibly underestimating pain. Conclusions: The adapted SF-MPQ-2 appears feasible for use with older people in Brunei. Further studies are required to formally validate the SF-MPQ-2 in older patients and with specific medical conditions, such as diabetes or surgery.	本研究旨在评估适应文莱马来语版本的简版麦吉尔疼痛问卷在老年人群中识别不同病因疼痛描述词的有效性，并比较视觉模拟量表与SF-MPQ-2在疼痛严重程度评估中的差异。研究对象为骨科或老年科住院及门诊的老年患者。结果显示，共使用了21个疼痛描述词，并识别出骨折、骨关节炎及肌肉/肌腱问题的主要描述特征。尽管超过三分之一的患者在接受止痛治疗后仍经历中重度疼痛，但绝大多数对疼痛管理表示满意。视觉模拟量表与SF-MPQ-2测得的疼痛严重程度存在显著差异，视觉模拟量表可能存在低估疼痛的情况。研究认为，改编后的SF-MPQ-2在文莱老年人群中具有可行性，但尚需进一步研究以正式验证其在特定疾病（如糖尿病或术后）患者中的有效性。	2023	http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/PMPI.a2023.0011